Struktur Sosial Sekolah dan Relasi Kekuasaan: Telaah Kritis dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Pendidikan
Keywords:
Struktur Sosial, Sekolah, Sosiologi Pendidikan, Relasi Kekuasaan.Abstract
Sekolah merupakan institusi sosial yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai hubungan, kedudukan, peran, norma, nilai, dan kewenangan yang membentuk struktur sosial. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep struktur sosial sekolah, unsur-unsur pembentuknya, bentuk struktur formal dan informal, serta perspektif sosiologis dalam memahami kehidupan sosial di sekolah. Pembahasan dilakukan melalui kajian literatur dengan menggunakan perspektif sosiologi pendidikan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa struktur sosial sekolah terbentuk melalui status dan kedudukan sosial, peran, norma dan nilai, serta hierarki, kewenangan, dan kekuasaan. Struktur tersebut terdiri atas struktur formal yang berkaitan dengan organisasi, pembagian tugas, aturan, dan kewenangan, serta struktur informal yang berkembang melalui hubungan pertemanan, kelompok sebaya, senioritas, dan jaringan sosial. Struktur sosial sekolah dapat dipahami melalui perspektif struktural-fungsional yang menekankan keteraturan dan fungsi setiap unsur, perspektif konflik yang menyoroti kekuasaan dan ketimpangan, interaksionisme simbolik yang menekankan makna dalam interaksi sehari-hari, serta pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu mengenai habitus, modal, dan arena. Dengan demikian, struktur sosial sekolah tidak hanya berfungsi menciptakan keteraturan, tetapi juga memengaruhi pola interaksi, sosialisasi, partisipasi, dan relasi kekuasaan dalam kehidupan pendidikan.
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