Metode Istinbāṭ Hukum Majelis Tarjih Tajdid Muhammadiyah: Studi Kasus Fatwa Rokok dan Ketentuan Qunut dalam Perspektif Kontekstual

Muhammad Fadhil Wathani

Authors

Muhammad Fadhil Wathani Universitas PTIQ Jakarta Author

Keywords:

Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah, Legal Istinbāṭ, Cigarette Fatwa, Qunut, Ijtihad Jama'i

Abstract

The Tarjih and Tajdid Council of Muhammadiyah is a collective ijtihad institution that has played a central role in the determination of Islamic law within Muhammadiyah since its establishment in 1927. This study critically examines the methodological framework of the Tarjih Council by taking two representative case studies: the fatwa on the haram of smoking in 2010 and the provision that qunut should not be recited in the Fajr prayer regularly. This study uses a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to relevant primary and secondary sources. The results of the study show that the Tarjih Council applies a systematic methodological framework through three main approaches, namely the bayani approach (linguistic analysis of the text), ta'lili (search for 'illat law through qiyas), and istislahi (consideration of the public interest). The determination of the haram law on smoking is based on the integration of the postulates of the Qur'an, authentic hadiths, fiqh rules such as la dharara wa la dhirara, as well as medical scientific data on the dangers of smoking. Meanwhile, the provision not to carry out the Fajr qunut is routinely based on the principle of tauqifi in worship and critical assessment of related hadith postulates. These two decisions reflect the methodological consistency of the Tarjih Council in integrating normative texts with the context of contemporary reality, as well as affirming the epistemological identity of Muhammadiyah which is directly oriented to the Qur'an and Sunnah.

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