Analisis Fikih terhadap Mekanisme Pegadaian Syariah
Keywords:
Rahn, Sharia Pawnbroking, Fiqh al-Mu’amalahAbstract
Ar-rahn (pawnbroking) is one of the contracts in muamalah fiqh that serves as security for debts. This article aims to examine the concept of pawnbroking from the perspective of Islamic fiqh and its implementation in Sharia pawnshops in Indonesia. This study employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, through an examination of classical fiqh literature, the opinions of scholars from various schools of thought, and sources relating to Sharia pawnshops.The results of the study indicate that the rahn contract is permitted in Islam based on the Qur’an and the consensus of scholars. However, there are differing opinions regarding the utilisation of the pledged item (marhun) by both the pledgor (rahin) and the pledgee (murtahin). The majority of scholars assert that the use of the pledged item, where stipulated in the contract and resulting in a benefit to the pledgee, has the potential to involve elements of riba and is therefore not permitted. In practice, Sharia Pawnbroking applies both the rahn and ijarah contracts, whereby the rahn contract serves as the basis for providing financing secured by collateral, whilst the ijarah contract forms the basis for charging maintenance and storage fees for the collateral. Furthermore, Pegadaian Syariah offers a range of financing products designed to meet both the consumer and productive needs of the public, whilst remaining grounded in Sharia principles. This study concludes that the operational system of Pegadaian Syariah is, in general, in line with the principles of muamalah fiqh, particularly in avoiding the practice of riba and ensuring that transactions are fair, transparent and provide economic benefits to the community.
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