Etika Sosial Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar: Analisis Penafsiran Ayat Akhlak Buya Hamka dan Relevansinya Terhadap Agenda Reformasi Akhlak

Abstract

This article provides an in-depth analysis of Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah’s (Buya Hamka) interpretation of ethical (akhlāq) verses in his monumental work, Tafsir al-Azhar, and examines its relevance to contemporary moral reform in Indonesia. This qualitative study employs a library research approach using content analysis to examine Tafsir al-Azhar alongside relevant supporting literature. The findings reveal that Buya Hamka adopts the taḥlīlī (analytical) method with an adabī al-ijtimā‘ī (literary, cultural, and socio-communal) orientation to contextualize Qur'anic ethical teachings within the socio-cultural realities of Indonesia. Through his interpretation of universal ethical principles such as the conceptual formulation of social ethics in QS. an-Nahl: 90, individual integrity through the critique of hypocrisy in QS. al-Baqarah: 8–10, and the ethics of public authority in QS. al-Nisā': 58 Hamka transforms classical akhlāq into an instrument of social criticism. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Hamka’s ethical construction provides a profound spiritual and moral foundation that aligns with the Indonesian government's contemporary agenda, particularly in internalizing the "BerAKHLAK" core values for civil servants to advance bureaucratic reform and national character development. The article concludes that the ethical interpretation in Tafsir al-Azhar successfully constructs a model of public ethics that bridges transcendental prophetic values with local wisdom, serving as a responsive pillar for modern societal transformation.